What are the hydraulic turbines and elements of the hydro electric power plant and draw the layout of Hydro Electric Power Plant and explain it.

In this content, you can learn about introduction of hydraulic turbines  in production process.

   Q 1. What is hydraulic turbines ? 

               Or, What are turbines ?

   Q 2. Explain and draw the layout of a hydro-electric power plant.

  Q 3. What are the elements of Hydro Electric Power Plant ?

      Or, What are the technical Terms of Hydro Electric Power Plant ?

  

       Hydraulic turbines

Turbines are hydraulic machines that converts the hydraulic energy (such as potential energy, pressure energy and kinetic energy) into mechanical energy ( rotation).

 This mechanical energy is utilised to run alternator or generator which is connected to turbine through shaft and thus hydro electricity  is generated.

First of all water is stored across dam and that water is carried under high pressure with large diameter (50 cm - 600 cm) thick pipes called as Penstocks and other end is connected to turbine.
      

 Depending upon turbine nozzles or scroll are fitted. This convert energy of flowing water into Kinetic energy (K.E.) jet struck on vanes and gives momentum to wheel either by impulse or by reaction causing wheel to rotate. After this water enter into the tailrace and flow to waste.
       

 The turbine and generator has common shaft due to rotation of wheel shaft also rotate. A coil is mounted on this shaft which rites in magnetic field to generate electricity.

Technical Terms or Element of Hydro Electric Power Plant

   (1) Head race level.

   (2) Surge tank.

   (3)  Penstocks.

   (4)  For bay.

   (5)  Tail race.

   (6)  Tail race level.

   (7)  Flow control device.

                  And

(1) Head race level :- The water surface in storage reservoir is called as head race level.

(2) Surge tank :- When load on turbine decreases excess quantity in flow water surges into surge tank presenting sudden pressure rise.

(3) Penstocks :- These are the pipes of large  diameter which carry water under pressure  from reservoir to turbine.

(4) For bay :- It is also called small reservoir generally provided at head of Penstocks, to store water temporary and is provided when power house is situated away from storage reservoir.

(5) Tail race :- It is channel which carries water away from power house after passing through turbine.

(6) Tail race level :- The water surfacing tail race channel is known as tail race level.

(7) Flow control device :- It is device place in between valve house and turbine which controls flow.

Conclusion:-

 In this content, you have learnt about introduction of hydraulic turbines and elements of Hydro Electric Power Plant and layout of Hydro Electric Power Plant and it's explanation.